Subnetting

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Introduction


The technique known as subnetting is used to divide a single physical network into multiple smaller logical sub-networks (subnets). A network segment and a host segment are both parts of an IP address. When creating a subnet, bits from the host portion of an IP address are accepted, and these bits are then used to allocate a number of smaller sub-networks inside the main network. Subnetting enables an organization to add sub-networks without having to contact the Internet service provider to obtain a new network number (ISP). Subnetting hides network complexity and aids in reducing network traffic. When a single network number must be distributed across multiple local area network segments, subnetting is crucial (LAN)

A subnet mask is a component of every IP address. The default subnet mask is present in all class types, including Class A, Class B, and Class C. The purpose of the subnet mask is to identify the kind and quantity of IP addresses needed for a specific local network. The default gateway is the firewall or router. Following is the default subnet mask:

  • Class A: 255.0.0.0
  • Class B: 255.255.0.0
  • Class C: 255.255.255.0

Benefits of Subnetting

  • Reduces the number of broadcasts, which lowers the network traffic.
  • Overcomes limitations in a local area network (LAN), like the maximum number of allowed hosts.
  • People can connect to a work network from their homes without having to open the entire network.

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